气候变化对森林的影响与多尺度适应性管理研究进展

Impacts of Climate Change on Forests and Adaptive Multi-scales Management:A Review

森林作为陆地生态系统的主体和全球气候系统的重要组成部分,对调节全球碳平衡和减缓气候变化具有不可替代的作用。目前的研究表明,气候变化已经对全球各类森林产生了不同程度的影响,而且全球气候变暖的加剧将对森林产生毁灭性的影响。森林管理是一项缓解气候变化影响的关键因子,为应对全球气候变化,森林经营管理必须做出相应的调整以适应和减轻气候变化的消极影响。本文系统总结了全球气候变化对森林及树木分布、生理生态和物候、森林生产力、碳循环、生物多样性、森林水文、森林灾害等产生的现实和潜在的影响,并针对气候变化下的可能影响,从基因、物种、森林生态系统、流域和生物圈多个尺度阐述了适应性管理的对策,以提高各生命系统适应气候变化的能力,实现森林的可持续经营和生物圈的可持续发展。

Forests,as a principal component of terrestrial ecosystems and an important component of global climate systems,play an important role in regulating carbon balance and mitigating climate change.There is increasing evidence that global climate change is influencing global forests,which vary with forest types and geographical regions.Impacts of climate change on forests would be devastated through the increasing global climate warming.Forest management is one of the most important factor to mitigate affect of climate change.Aiming at enhancing forest resilience to climate change,the forest management should be accordingly adjusted and improved in order to maintain forest ecosystem services and reduce negative impacts of climat echange on forests.This paper reviews the impacts of the global climate change on forests,including forest and tree distribution,tree physiological ecology,phenology,forest productivity,carbon cycling,biodiversity,forest hydrology,forest pest and disease,and forest fire.Adaptive management practices are recommended and should be incorporated into the current forest management regime,including gene,species,forest ecosystem,watershed and biosphere,in order to enhance resilience of living systems to climate change,and to maintain the sustainable development in biosphere.