大国阴影下的东欧社会转型历程

Social Transformation in Eastern Europe under the Shadow of Great Powers

由于地缘政治和地理位置上的重要性,东欧从古到今都被周边大国作为称霸欧洲和称霸世界的重点或起点。受制于大国势力、大国文明,东欧民族和国家不得不在东西方大国的厮杀与博弈中求生存和发展。大国在划定势力范围和构建世界体系的时候往往以自身利益为重,极少考虑东欧民族或国家的利益与诉求,多半将它们当作相互之间讨价还价的筹码或争夺和控制的客体。这种国际政治现象时至今日仍有极强的穿透性,仍然影响着中东欧国家的内政外交。无论是冷战时期受制于苏联,还是如今的"回归欧洲",起主要作用的还是大国势力的此消彼长。

Due to the geopolitical importance and geographical location, Eastern Europe has been considered the starting point or focus of any ambitious plan of its neighboring countries to dominate Europe and the world since the ancient times. Subject to the power and culture of strong countries, Eastern European nations and countries had to survive and develop difficultly amid the fights and game between the West and East powers. The great powers often pay high attention to their own interests in defining spheres of influence and establishing the world system and rarely take into account the interests and demands of Eastern European nations or countries, and in most cases they only make the latter their bargaining chip or the target of their competition. This kind of international political phenomenon still exists today and affects the domestic affairs and foreign policy of Central and Eastern European countries. For them the thing that mainly works has always been the shift of power among the strong countries. It is like this both when they were subject to the Soviet Union during the Cold War and when they ＂return to Europe＂ now.