“曼巴扎仓”与藏医学的发展

Sman pa grwa tshang and the development of Tibetan Medicine

“曼巴扎仓”即藏蒙地区藏传佛教格鲁派寺院内学习藏蒙医学、培养藏蒙医生的专门机构，是集医学教育、医疗、制剂等为一体的藏蒙医学综合发展中心。它是15世纪藏传佛教格鲁派创立后，包括藏医学在内的藏传佛教寺院教育进一步组织化、体系化的产物。其模式肇始于1696年著名藏族学者第司·桑杰嘉措（1653-1705）在拉萨创建的藏医学中心——迦布日医学利众院，之后逐渐传播至其他藏区和蒙古地区，在以上地区的藏传佛教格鲁派寺院内创建了近百座曼巴扎仓，曼巴扎仓的出现对藏医学的传播和发展发挥了重要的作用。

Sman pa grwa tshang refers to Tibetan medical schools attached to Tibetan Buddhist monasteries （basically of the Gelugpa sect） , which is a comprehensive institution devoted to medical education, clinic treatment and medicinal production. It has played a significant role in the training of medical professionals, and is itself an embodiment and outgrowth of the further institutionalization and systematization of the monastery educational system after the establishment of Gelugpa sect in the 15th century. The model of Sman pa grwa tshang first took shape from the famous Chagpori Grophangling, established in Lhasa by Desi Sanggy Gyamtso（Tib： Sde srid sangs rgyas rgya mtso 1653 -1705）in 1696. Later, the model spread to Amdo, Mongolian areas and China＇s cities hke Beijing and Chengde where almost a hundred Smart pa grwa tshangs were set up successively. The emergence of Sman pa grwa tshangs played a significant role in the transmission and development of Tibetan medicine.