青岛市城乡居民健康素养状况及其影响因素研究

The status of health literacy among urban and rural residents in Qingdao and its influencing factors

目的了解青岛市城乡居民健康素养状况，探索影响健康素养的主要因素，并为制定健康教育策略和政策提供依据。方法2008年采用多阶段分层整群抽样，抽取青岛市15～69岁6206名常住人口进行调查，使用SAS9．13统计软件完成数据统计分析。结果青岛市居民具备健康素养的总体水平为12．77％，高于全国水平。城市和农村居民具备健康素养总体水平分别为18．62％和7．62％。健康素养三个方面和5个维度健康问题素养所有指数城乡存在差异，均有统计学意义（均P〈0．05）。Logistic回归模型分析，性别、年龄、文化程度等8个自变量中，文化程度是城乡居民健康素养主要影响因素。结论青岛市居民全民健康素养水平较低，城乡居民健康素养差异较大，其影响因素各有特点，文化程度是共同的影响因素，应有针对性制定健康教育和健康促进策略，提高人群健康素养水平。

Objective To investigate the status of health literacy among urban and rural residents in Qingdan and its influencing factors, so as to provide a basis for developing the strategies of health education and health policies. Methods A total of 6,206 residents aged 15 - 69 years were selected in Qingdao by using multi - stage stratified cluster sampling method in 2008. SAS 9. 13 software was used for statistical analysis of the data. Results The overall level of health literacy status was 12.77% among residents of Qingdoa, higher than the national level. The level of health literacy was 18.62% and 7.62% respectively among urban and rural residents. There was significant difference between urban and rural resi- dents in the three aspects of health literacy and five dimensions of health problems（ P 〈 0.05）. Logistic regression analysis showed that of the eight independent variables, such as gender, age, education level and so on, education level was found as the major factor affecting the health literacy among urban and rural residents. Conclusions The level of health literacy was lower in Qingdao. There was significant difference in health literacy between urban and rural residents. The influencing factors have their own characteristics, education level is the common factor. Therefore, targeted health education and health promotion strategies should be strengthened to improve the health literacy of residents.