学前健听儿童听觉分辨能力发展研究及对教育干预的启示

Research on the Development of Auditory Discrimination Ability of Preschool Normal Hearing Children and Implication for Educational Intervention

目的：考察学前健听儿童听觉分辨能力发展情况，探究其发展规律，为听障儿童听觉康复提供启示。方法分别选取3～5岁学前健听儿童各30名，采用3×4×2混合实验设计，被试间变量为年龄，被试内变量为测试项目及材料类型，因变量为听觉分辨能力得分。结果儿童听觉分辨能力受年龄、材料类型和测试项目三大因素影响。随着年龄的增长，各年龄段儿童听觉分辨得分均有显著增长。选用有意义材料进行听觉分辨测试得分显著高于选用无意义材料。在不同题型方面，听觉分辨能力的难度依次为语速分辨〉时长分辨〉强度分辨、频率分辨。结论3～4岁是儿童听觉分辨能力的快速发展期，在听觉康复训练实践中，应把握关键期，按照发展顺序进行针对性训练。

Objective To explore the developmental rules of auditory discrimination ability of preschool normal children and provide inspiration for deaf children＇s hearing rehabilitation. Methods Select 3,4,5 year old preschool normal children in 30 each. Using 3 × 4 × 2 mixed experimental design, age is the between subject variables, the test items and the type of material are the within subjects variables, and the auditory discrimination ability test scores is the dependent variable. Results Children＇s auditory discrimination ability was affected by age, material type and question type. Main results include： 1. Along with the growth of the age, the auditory discrimination scores of children in all ages showed significant growth. 2. Overall, when the test material is meaningful, the scores of the auditory discrimination test will be significantly higher than that of no significance when selecting material. 3. Between different types of questions, the mature sequence of auditory discrimination ability is speed discrimination、length of time discrimination、intensity discrimination、frequency discrimination. Conclusion 3-4 years old is a rapid development period of auditory discrimination ability. We should grasp the key period of development and according to the order of targeted training in the auditory rehabilitation training practice.