2011至2013年无锡市学龄前儿童主要常见病患病情况分析

Prevalence of common diseases in preschool children in Wuxi City during 2011-2013

目的掌握无锡市学龄前儿童健康状况及变化趋势,为卫生行政部门制定学龄前儿童常见病管理方案提供科学依据。方法收集、整理、分析2011至2013年无锡市托幼机构卫生保健工作统计年报表。结果 3年间肥胖、营养不良、龋齿和视力不良患病率均有逐年上升趋势,均有统计学意义(x^2值分别为68.851、99.600、14.774和100.218,均P<0.05)。儿童的常见病患病情况在不同地区、不同性质和不同类别的托幼机构均有统计学意义,贫血患病率:农村高于城市(x^2=1 494.640,P<0.001),民办园高于公办园(x^2=15.847,P<0.05),省优质园高于市优质园和合格园(x^2=35.542,P<0.001);肥胖患病率:城市高于农村(x^2=1 525.640,P<0.001),民办园高于公办园(x^2=19.082,P<0.05),省优质园高于市优质园和合格园(x^2=120.063,P<0.001);营养不良患病率:农村高于城市(x^2=4.820,P<0.05),民办园高于公办园(x^2=186.998,P<0.001),合格园高于省优质园和市优质园(x^2=123.046,P<0.001);龋患率:城市高于农村(x^2=7.220,P<0.05),民办园高于公办园(x^2=106.106,P<0.001),合格园高于省优质园和市优质园(x^2=76.578,P<0.001);视力不良率:城市高于农村(x^2=12.188,P<0.05),公办园高于民办园(x^2=82.549,P<0.001),省优质园高于市优质园和合格园(x^2=163.709,P<0.001)。结论视力不良、龋齿和肥胖是无锡市托幼机构儿童的主要健康问题,今后要进一步加强对学龄前儿童常见病的干预,保障儿童的身心健康。

Objective To master health status of preschool children in Wuxi City and to provide scientific basis for management of common diseases in preschool children for administrative department of public health.Methods Statistical statements of health care work reported by nurseries in Wuxi City from 2011 to 2013 were collected, sorted and analyzed.Results In these three years the prevalence of obesity, malnutrition, dental caries and poor vision was significantly rising year by year （χ2 value was 68.851,99.600, 14.774 and 100.218, respectively, all P〈0.05）.The differences in common diseases of children living in different regions and different nurseries were significant.The prevalence of anemia was higher in rural areas （χ2 =1 494.64, P〈0.001）, in nurseries set up by local people and in provincial excellent nurseries than in urban areas, in state-run nurseries, and in city excellent or qualified nurseries （χ2 value was 1 494.640, 15.847 and 35.542, respectively, all P〈0.001）.The prevalence of obesity was higher in urban areas, in nurseries set up by local people and in provincial excellent nurseries than in rural areas, in state-run nurseries, and in city excellent or qualified nurseries （χ2 value was 1 525.640,19.082 and 120.063, respectively, all P〈0.05）.Compared with rural areas, nurseries set up by local people and qualified nurseries, the prevalence of malnutrition was lower in urban areas, state-run nurseries, provincial excellent nurseries and city excellent nurseries （χ2 value was 4.820, 186.998 and 123.046, respectively, all P〈0.05）.The prevalence of dental caries was higher in urban areas than in rural areas （χ2 =7.220, P〈0.05）, in nurseries set up by local people than in state-run nurseries （χ2 =106.106, P〈0.001）, in qualified nurseries than in provincial excellent nurseries and city excellent nurseries （χ2 =76.578, P〈0.001）.The prevalence of poor vision in urban areas, in state-run nurseries and in provincial excellent nurseries was higher than in rural areas （χ2 =12.188, P〈0.05）, in nurseries set up by local people （χ2 =82.549, P〈0.001） and in city excellent nurseries and qualified nurseries （χ2 =163.709, P〈0.001）.Conclusion Poor vision, dental caries and obesity are major health problems of children in nurseries in Wuxi City.Intervention of common diseases in preschool children should be strengthened in the future to ensure the physical and mental health of children.