上海市花木社区幼儿家长居家安全知-信-行调查

Study on KAP of children guardian about home safety in Shanghai Huamu Community

目的了解幼儿家长居家安全知识、信念、行为(简称KAP)水平,为实施干预提供科学依据。方法在上海市浦东新区花木社区儿童保健门诊对满1周岁幼儿的父母或经常看护者进行问卷调查。结果共收集问卷219份。家长对于溺水、药物中毒、睡眠窒息的危险因素正确应答率较低,分别是32.42%、56.62%、79.00%,对于居家伤害中常见的烫伤、宠物伤和坠落伤的危险因素正确应答率分别是62.56%、83.56%、90.41%,在烫伤、睡眠窒息和坠落伤上,父母的正确应答率均高于(外)祖父母(x^2值分别为9.392、11.463和5.088,均P<0.05)。72.6%的家长没有接受过有关预防儿童伤害的培训和指导;49.77%的家长愿意接受医务人员对其家庭环境进行安全评估和指导。父母中90.56%觉得在预防儿童伤害中"我能做很多事,作用会很大",高于(外)祖父母的48.72%(x^2=39.962,P<0.001)。家长对于各类居家安全防护用品的知晓率可达79.00%~92.24%,但使用率仅为1.83%~6.39%。结论幼儿家长居家安全KAP水平不容乐观。预防幼儿居家伤害应当加强对监护人(尤其是祖父母/外祖父母)的教育和培训,建议推广使用居家安全防护用品。

Objective To understand the knowledge, attitude and practice （ KAP ） of children guardians about home safety, so as to provide scientific evidence for interventions.Methods The pre-designed questionnaires were filled out by the guardians of 1-year-old children visiting child health clinic in Huamu Community Health Service Center.Results A total of 219 questionnaires were included.The correct answering rates of the guardians about the risk factors of drowning, drug poisoning and sleep choking at home were low （32.42%, 56.62%and 79.00%, respectively）.The correct answering rates about burn, pet injury and fall that occurred frequently at home were 62.56%, 83.56%and 90.41%, respectively.The parents’ correct answering rates were higher than grandparents’ regarding burn, sleep choking and fall （χ2 value was 9.392, 11.463 and 5.088, respectively, all P〈0.05）.There were 72.6% of guardians not receiving training on the prevention of child injuries, and 49.77% willing to accept the safety assessment on their home environment by medical staff.Totally 90.56% of parents thought that they could play an important role in preventing children injuries, and the proportion was higher than that of grandparents （48.72%） （χ2 =39.962, P〈0.001）.The awareness rate of guardians about home safety products reached 79.00%-92.24%, but the utilization rate was only 1.83%-6.39%.Conclusion The KAP of children guardians about home safety is poor.Education and training should be strengthened on home injury prevention for children guardians, especially grandparents.It is suggested to promote the use of home safety products.