儿科护士压力应对和社会支持与心理健康的关系

Study of the correlation among stress coping style,social support and mental health of pediatric nurses

目的研究儿科护士压力应对方式、社会支持与心理健康的关系,为进行循证团体心理干预寻找理论支持。方法采取分层抽样的方法 ,使用一般情况调查表、症状自评量表(SCL-90)、应对方式问卷和社会支持评定量表对福建省福州儿童医院临床科室护士111名进行问卷调查。结果 17.82%的儿科护士心理健康筛查阳性,比中国常模高(x^2=4.36,P<0.05)。客观支持、主观支持、支持利用度及解决问题型的压力应对方式均与SCL-90总分存在极其显著的负相关(r值分别为-0.27、-0.38、-0.24、~0.40,均P<0.01);自责型及幻想型的压力应对方式与SCL-90总分存在显著的正相关(r=0.37,P=0.00;r=0.26,P=0.02);解决问题型应对方式与社会支持三维度均显著正相关(r值分别为0.27、0.44、0.26,均P<0.01),求助型应对方式与支持利用度显著正相关(r=0.32,P=0.00),而退避型应对方式与主观支持显示负相关(r=-0.28,P=0.02)。结论不同的压力应对方式及社会支持程度与儿科护士的心理健康状况显著相关,尤其是解决问题型应对方式及主观支持水平高的儿科护士,心理健康状况较好。主观支持程度能显著预测儿科护士的心理健康状况。

Objective To investigate the correlation among stress coping styles, social support and mental health of pediatric nurses, so as to look for theoretical support for evidence-based group psychological intervention.Methods With stratified sampling method, survey with three questionnaires was conducted on 111 pediatric nurses working in Fuzhou Children’ s Hospital of Fujian Province, including General Situation Questionnaire, Symptom Checklist 90 （ SCL-90 ） , Coping Style Questionnaire and Social Support Rating Scale.Results The mental health status of 17.82%of pediatric nurses were worse than Chinese normal level （χ2 =4.36, P〈0.05）.The objective support, subjective support, utilization of support and the stress coping style to solve problems were negatively correlated with SCL-90 total score （ r value was -0.27, -0.38, -0.24 and -0.40, respectively, all P〈0.01）.The coping styles of self-blame or fantasy were positively correlated with SCL-90 total score （r=0.37, P=0.00;r=0.26,P=0.02）.The coping style to solve problems was positively correlated with the three dimensions of social support （r value was 0.27, 0.44 and 0.26, respectively, all P〈0.01）.The coping styles to ask for help was positively correlated with utilization of support （r=0.32,P=0.001）, but the coping style to retreat was negatively correlated with subjective support （r=-0.28,P=0.02）.Conclusion Different stress coping styles and social support are significantly associated with mental health of pediatric nurses.If the pediatric nurses have coping style to solve problems and high level of subjective support, they will have better mental health status.Subjective support can significantly predict the mental health status of pediatric nurses.