酒精阳性水牛乳乳成分及理化性质的研究

Research of compositional and physical characteristics of buffalo alcohol positive milk.

本研究连续一年观测了摩拉水牛、尼里-拉菲水牛、一代杂水牛和三品杂水牛4个种水牛乳64%的不同季节的酒精阳性发生率、乳成分、理化性质,并比较了酒精阳性乳、阴性乳与乳样总体的差异。结果表明,纯种河流型水牛（摩拉水牛、尼里-拉菲水牛）乳酒精阳性率低于两个杂交水牛（三品杂水牛、一代杂水牛）,各品种水牛乳均以2-4月和8-10月的阳性率为最高。低酸度酒精阳性乳（12-18°T）占据了酒精阳性乳的52.9%-64.1%。酒精阳性乳的乳蛋白、乳固体、非脂乳固体、酸度均显著高于阴性乳和乳样总体平均值,但冰点低于乳样总体平均值。可见不同品种水牛乳不能用同一酒精浓度进行检验;酒精阳性率可反映水牛应激或营养状况;较高的乳蛋白、非脂乳固体、总乳固体、酸度以及较低的冰点是酒精阳性水牛乳的特征;酸度和冰点是品种间酒精阳性率差异的主要因素。

In this study, milk samples were collected Murrah, Nili-Ravi, F1 hybrid, MoNL and three breed hybrid to analyze for alcohol stability at 64% （v/v） of alcohol for one consecutive year. The alcohol positive milk （APM） occurring rate in different season was analyzed, com- positional and physical characteristics of APM were compared with alcohol negative milk and average of total railk samples as well. Results showed the APM rates of the two purebreds （Murrah, Nili-Ravi） were lower than the two hybrids （Murrahx Loacal buffalo or Nili-Ravix Loacal buffalo; Murrahx Nlili-Ravix Loacal buffalo）. APM occurring rate tend to higher in February to April and August to October. Low acidity alcohol positive milk which acidity ranged in 12-18 °T takes large percentage of 52.9% - 64.1%. APM of every buffalo breed have higher acidity, milk protein, total solids and none fat solid, but lower freezing point compare with the mean value of these indexes of total milk sample. In conclusion, a fitted alcohol level can not been used to do alcohol test on milk from different buffalo breeds, alcohol test can reflect stress or nutritional situation of buffalo. Higher of acidity, protein, NFS, total solids and acidity, but lower of freezing point were the common characteristics of alcohol positive buffalo milk but common not mean inevitability, while acidity and freezing point were the detrimental factors which influence the difference of APM rate of buffalo breed.