社会类型与现代社会的性质

On Social Type and The Nature of Modern Society

社会类型划分是人类正确认识历史社会和现存社会,积极有效地治理社会的理论前提。围绕人和人的社会存在的价值问题,人类思想史上形成了划分社会类型的精神道德和物质利益两种截然不同标准,并由此形成社会退化论和社会进化论两大观点,在此基础上形成各种各样的社会类型说。本文从有序整合的角度,以亚里士多德"四因说"为理论分析的逻辑依据,把社会类型划分为自然社会、道德社会和利益社会三种社会形态,并由此出发分析现代利益社会的实质和困境,最后提出现代人类应当走"反向现代化"道路的初步设想。

Distinguishing different social types is the theoretical premise for us to understand the history and the existing society, and to govern the society actively and effectively. As to the issues of value about human being and its social existence, there are two different standards in dividing social types in thought history, thus forming two theoretical traditions of social degradation theory and social evolution the- ory and various ideas on social types. Taking Aristotle＇s doctrine of four causes as the logical basis of the- oretical analysis, and from the perspective of orderly social integration, the paper discusses three social types： nature society, moral society and profit society, and analyses the nature and the dilemma of modern society, arguing that modern human being shouization.