命名作为一种技术——柏拉图名称理论的形而上学维度

Naming as a Craft

《克拉底鲁篇》（下引此文仅注页码）可谓柏拉图著作中唯一与现代语言哲学直接相关的对话。它专注于考察“名称的正确性”问题：如果一个名称正确地被给予某物，那么这种正确性的根源是什么？对话中的两位主角赫摩根尼和克拉底鲁分别给出了两个相互对立的回答，通常被称为“人为约定主义”和“自然主义”的名称理论。

Plato's Cratylus elaborates systematically an essentialist theory of names.He takes the onomatopoieia as the source of the correctness of names.Naming means an expert making names by nature,but the nature here is the idea or eidos as a natural essence,not the flux as a natural condition.Thus,Plato not only founded for the rationalist linguistics but also instantiate the turn of paradigm from Phusis to Techne in Greek thought.