宋代道教与端午节俗的关系

The Relationship of Taoism in the Song Dynasty to the Duanwu Festival

端午是自先秦以来延续至今的、古老的中国节日之一。本文以宋代为样本,从神灵信仰、符箓文化、医药卫生思想、长生追求等四个方面探讨道教与端午节俗之间的关系,认为宋代端午节俗深受道教文化的影响,并进而指出这种关系对节日民俗文化和道教本身的影响。

The fifth day of the Fifth lunar month is the traditional Duanwu Festival of China. There are various opinions regarding the origin of this festival. The first is that it is a way to com memorate historical figures. The second opinion on the origin is that it is derived from the taboo of the ＂Evil Month and Evil Date＂. Ancient Chinese people believed that the fifth day of the fifth lunar month was the evil month and evil date. Therefore, on this day, people began the custom of driving away evil and praying for luck. The third opin- ion is that this festival is related to the worship of the dragon totem. Modern archaeological discoveries have verified that there is a Neolithic culturefound in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River whose remains are characterized by pottery with geometric - patterns. The experts believe that these relics belong to the Bai Yue people who took the dragon as their totem, and who regarded themselves as the descendants of dragon. The Duanwu festival was the festival for worshipping their ancestors. The fourth opinion is that it is related to the day King Gou Jian （King of the Yue Kingdom from 496 -464 B. C. ） drilled his navy. In addition, some people believe that the Duanwu Festival is rooted in the Summer Solstice.