旅游目的地居民社会心理承载力研究——以日本东京都浅草寺为例

A Research on Residents' Social-psychological Carrying Capacity of Tourism Destinations: A Case Study on Asakusa Area, Tokyo,Japan

旅游业的发展在给地区经济注入活力的同时,也给旅游地的居民生活带来不同程度的影响。对此,文章首先综述了国内外相关研究,建立了旅游目的地居民对游客旅游活动的社会心理承载力情况考察指标体系,采用基于三角模糊数的模糊层次分析法(FAHP)对指标分析建模,并以东京浅草寺周围居民为样本,通过问卷调查得到浅草寺周围居民对旅游活动的社会心理承载力情况。研究结果显示,浅草地区居民对游客的旅游活动整体上持支持和积极的态度,在个别指标如旅游地垃圾、社会治安等方面持较为消极的态度。

It has been more than 70 years since the end of World War II. During this period,＂peace＂ and ＂development＂ have become two major themes for all human beings, although war still exists in some areas of the world. Under this background, the global tourism industry has experienced a rapid growth for a long time. However, the tourism development brings not only economic benefits but also problems for tourism destinations. Millions of tourists have exerted negative impacts on urban destinations in terms of their physical（transportation, water, electronic resource, etc.） and nonphysical（society, culture, belief of the residents, etc.） elements. In this regard, this article aims to build a model of social- psychological carrying capacity of residents using FAHP（fuzzy analytic hierarchy process）method. The paper is divided into six parts： introduction, literature review, concepts and establishment of the evaluation index system, introduction of the mathematical methods（FAHP）, application research on the Asakusa area in Tokyo, and future directions.The literature review focuses on the development process of carrying capacity theory in terms of the traceability concept from ecology, sociology, economics and political science. Theory establishment includes two parts： definition of the concept of residents＇ social- psychological carrying capacity and the establishment of the evaluation index system which can be studied from five aspects： politics,economy, culture, ecological environment and tourism facilities, and society. The FAHP method and application research are introduced in part 4 and part 5 separately. The method of FAHP is mainly used to solve the problems of fuzzy understanding and language evaluation logic, from a fuzzy theory perspective. It is suitable for a qualitative study on building theory of carrying capacity, especially in the evaluation of psychiatric and psychosocial aspects of intangible resources.The application research undertaken in the Asakusa area of Tokyo examined the residents＇ socialpsychological carrying capacity. The results showed that indicators of culture and customs, life-style of residents, garbage and social security have received relative low values, indicating that the development of tourism has already had negative effects on local residents＇ daily lives. Indicators of restaurant number, public green spaces, and the relationship between residents, awareness of residents＇ environment protection and the regional visibility have received relative high values.Future studies should focus on the follow aspects： the reality of social development of Japan,improvement of mathematical methods in fuzzy area, studies using computer technologies, mutual influences of different elements and their impacts, non- physical elements＇ content and its research methods, etc. Future such studies should be conducted using different methods and from various perspectives.