清末北京城庙产兴学与新式学堂建设

Miao chan xing xue Movement in Late Imperial Beijing and the Establishment of Modern Schools

新式学校建设是北京城市近代化的重要标志,其发展为城市空间带来显著变化。研究近代学校建设过程对城市史研究而言具有重要的学术价值。清末庙产兴学既有利于新式学校建设,也利于北京城传统空间的改造,引起了新旧文化的变迁。宏观上看,复原其制度基础和建设过程,可以总结清末庙产兴学的空间成果。从微观上看,考察学校建设带来的景观变化,可以探讨其对城市生活、文化的影响。清末学校建设以改造传统空间为主要途径,已达到一定规模,依寺庙改造的学校在小学堂中占据了重要比例,而由空间改造带来的城市文化、市民观念变迁也为学校在民国时期的进一步建设奠定了基础。

The establishment of modern schools was a symbol of Beijing＇ s modernization, which brought great changes to urban space. To study of this process was meaningful for the study of urban history. In late imperial Beijing, reconstruction of temples became an effective way to build modem schools. The rniaochanxingxue movement brought changes to both urban space and culture. From macro perspective, this research rebuilds the foundation of institution and the development of miaochanxingxue, concludes its construction achievement. From micro perspective, this research discusses landscape changes brought by establishment of modern schools, and the changes of urban life and culture. Modern school establishment took reconstruction of traditional architectures as an important way to cope with spatial pressure and reached a certain scale of construction in the end of the Qing dynasty. Temple schools constituted an important part of primary schools. The spatial reconstruction changed urban culture and citizen＇s ideas, which laid a foundation for future construction of modern schools in the republican time.