体育人类学的身体动作分析法

Analysis Method of Body Motions in Sport Anthropology

身体动作是体育的基本构成单元,也是体育人类学的首要研究对象。身体动作是一种文化符号,体育本身是一个承载和表述社会文化意义的象征系统,一项民族传统体育,就是一本以身体动作书写的民族精神文化史。中国体育人类学在对中华民族传统体育的长期田野调查和多次研究实践中,逐渐摸索和提炼出了以民族传统体育的身体动作为主要分析对象的身体动作分析法,它致力于研究体育身体动作的文化意义,实施步骤包括:1)拍摄真实完整的身体动作影像;2)典型动作的参与式分析;3)对资料的比较分析和理论构建。身体动作分析法可以支持书写深入到身体动作的完整的民族体育志,也可通过研究东巴跳和东巴文的关系来探索身体动作与原始文字的关系。推而广之,还可用于研究身体动作与其他文化要素(原始宗教、原始艺术等)的互动关系,从而深化对民族传统体育在民族文化发生和发展过程中的特殊地位和独特作用的认识。

A body motion is the basic unit of sports and the primary study object of sport an- thropology. Body motions in sports are cultural symbols. Sport is a symbolic system which car- ries and expresses social and cultural meanings. An ethnic sport is a book of the history of na- tional spiritual culture written by body motions. Chinese sport anthropology has explored and refined the analysis method of body motions in the long-term field work and study practices on Chinese traditional national sports. It is used for interpreting cultural meanings of body motions in sports. The analysis method of body motions in sport anthropology has three implement pro- cedures as follows： 1 ） taking photos and shooting video of authentic and complete body mo- tions ; 2） participatory analyzing typical body motions ; 3 ） analyzing materials and constructing theories. Researchers can apply the analysis method of body motions to writing sport ethnogra phy from the perspective of body movements and to investigating the interactive relationships between body motions and primitive scripts, primitive religions, primitive arts and so on. These studies will help deepen the understanding of the particular position and effect of traditional na- tional sports in the evolution of ethnic culture.