马克思“双重使命”说再探——基于对当前美化殖民统治思潮的反思

Further Exploration on the “Double Mission” Theory of Marx——Based on the Reflection of the Current Thought of Beautifying Colonial Rule

就"双重使命"说的内涵及地位而言,"双重使命"说只是马克思在批判英国殖民者给印度带来深重灾难的前提下对英国殖民统治的客观积极作用的肯定,并不是马克思殖民主义理论的重点,不能充当研究殖民主义的根本性指导理论。就"双重使命"说的适用范围而言,其多不适用于19世纪50年代的印度以外的时空环境,多数殖民主义行为基本上是赤裸裸的掠夺乃至屠杀。就"双重使命"的具体效果而言,由于殖民者的掠夺本质等因素的影响,"双重使命"对殖民地的积极影响非常有限,一些地区遭受殖民侵略后的发展更多与之前已有的发展水平相关。

The so-called ＂Double mission＂ Theory is Marx＇s affirmation of the objective, posi- tive role of British colonial rule under the premise of criticism on the grave disaster brought to India by the British colonists. The focus of the theory is not the same as Marx＇s colonial theory. Therefore, it cannot act as the fundamental theoretical guidance o{ colonialism. Basically, Most colonial is naked plunder and slaughter. As for the the specific effects of the ＂double mission＂, because of the influence of the factors such as colonizers predatory nature, the positive impact of the ＂double mission＂ on colony is very limited. The development of the areas suffered from colonial aggression is mostly related to development level before the colonial aggression.