TPP医药专利谈判最新发展及争议初探——以知识产权章节为中心

Analysis of the New Development of TPP Pharmaceutical Patent Negotiations and Disputes: Taking Intellectual Property Rights Chapter as the Center

长期以来,跨太平洋伙伴关系协议(TPP)秘密谈判方式存在严重弊端。医药专利作为其中最有争议的议题之一,亦可能因此潜藏利益失衡的风险。通过最新规则分析可发现TPP谈判各方在专利授予标准、客体范围、异议程序、实用性要求、专利期限调整以及药品试验数据保护等诸多领域存在不同利益诉求和歧见。为因应TPP之发展,中国须以国家利益为根本出发点,积极构建知识产权保护与公共健康利益衡平共进的医药专利话语主张,并有效付诸实践,进而在实施自由贸易协定战略过程中努力争取规则制定的国际话语权。

For a long time, the secretive way of Trans-Pacific Partnership Agreement （TPP） negotiations has serious drawbacks, which makes the issue of pharmaceutical patent become one of the most contentious items on TPP negotiation table, and which may bring the hidden risk of imbalance of interests. Through the analysis of the new rules, the paper finds that TPP negotiators have different interests and divergences in the fields of patent-granting standard, subject matter, opposition procedure, utility, patent term adjustment and drug test data protection. Therefore, China should take national interests as its fundamental starting point, actively construct the pharmaceutical patent discourse advocates to promote the balance and development between the protection of intellectual property rights and the interest of public health, put them into practice, and then in the process of implementation of the strategy of free trade agreements, strive for the international discourse right.