宁夏固原市农村集中式饮用水健康风险评价

Rural centralized drinking water health risk assessment of Guyuan city in Ningxia

目的对农村集中式饮用水水环境健康风险进行评价。方法对宁夏固原市农村集中式供水饮用水中Cr6+、As、Cd、Hg、Pb、氨氮、氟化物和硝酸盐的浓度进行调查,并应用美国环保局(US EPA)推荐的健康风险评价模型对其通过饮水途径所引起的健康风险作初步评价。结果基因毒物质Cd、As、Cr6+通过饮水途径所造成的平均个人年风险高于躯体毒物质Pb、Hg、氨氮、氟化物、硝酸盐。按照年风险值由高到低的次序为Cr6+>As>氟化物>硝酸盐>氨氮>Pb>Hg。饮用水总的健康风险R总为1.98×10-4/a。结论固原市5个县区8种水环境污染物总的健康风险值均超出国际辐射防护委员会(ICR)推荐的最大可接受风险水平5.0×10-5/a,而西吉、彭阳和泾源的总健康风险值超过了美国环境保护署(US EPA)推荐的最大可接受风险水平1.0×10-4/a。

Objective To evaluate the health risk of rural centralized drinking water environment. Methods Investigation of concentration on the Cr^6＋,As,Cd,Hg,Pb,ammonia nitrogen,fluoride and nitrate of Ningxia Guyuan rural centralized supply drinking water,and application of the United States Environmental Protection Agency（ US EPA） health risk assessment recommended model,make a preliminary evaluation of the health risks caused by drinking way. Results Average individual yearly risk caused by the way of drinking water genetic toxic substances include Cd,As,Cr^6＋is higher than the body toxic substances include Pb,Hg,ammonia nitrogen,fluoride and nitrate. According to the annual value of risk from high to low in order is Cr^6＋ As fluoride nitrate ammonia Pb Hg. Total drinking water health risks is 1. 98 × 10^-4/ a. Conclusions Total water environment health risk values from 8 kinds of pollutants in 5 counties of Guyuan city all exceeded maximum acceptable risk level of 5. 0 × 10^-5/ a recommended by International Commission on Radiological Protection（ ICR）,while the total health risk values of Xiji,Pengyang and Jingyuan exceeded the maximum acceptable risk level of 1. 0 × 10^-4/ a which recommended by United States Environmental Protection Agency（ US EPA）.