玉米自交系单倍体诱导率的研究

Studies on Haploid Induction Rate of Maize Inbred Line

单倍体育种技术(double haploid,DH)具有加速育种进程的突出优势,已成为玉米育种关键性核心技术并在国外广泛应用,成为国外一些大公司玉米商业育种的主要手段。利用诱导系MT1诱导国内有代表性玉米自交系,分析不同玉米自交系的单倍体诱导率。结果表明,不同玉米主产区自交系的单倍体诱导率存在一定差异,北方春播玉米区(5.16%)>南方丘陵玉米区(5.14%)=西南山地玉米区(5.14%)>黄淮海夏播玉米区(4.44%);不同杂种优势群自交系的单倍体诱导率大小不同,表现为兰卡斯特群(5.64%)>Suwan群(5.53%)>瑞得群(5.43%)>旅大红骨群(4.96%)>四平头群(2.76%);温带自交系的单倍体诱导率为5.17%,明显高于热带自交系的单倍体诱导率(3.63%),说明单倍体诱导率因母本的遗传背景不同存在较大差异。

As a key technology, the double haploid has been widely utilized in maize commercial breeding in foreign transnational corporations, due to its advantage of immediate homozygosity to accelerate the breeding process. In this study, the inducer of MT1 was crossed to the representative maize inbred lines of China to compare the induction rate of different inbred lines. The results showed that there were different induction rates among inbred lines from different maize regions of China, and the induction rate of inbred lines ranked as Northern Spring maize region （ 5.16% ） 〉 Southern Hilly maize region （5.14%）= Southwest Mountain maize region （5.14%） 〉 Huang Huai Hai summer maize region （ 4.44% ）. The induction rates varied with inbred lines belonging to different heterosis and ranked as Lancaster （5.64%） 〉 Suwan （5.53%） 〉 Reid （5.43%） 〉 Lvda red cob （4.96%） 〉 Sipingtou （2.76%）. The induction rate of temperate inbred line was 5.17%, obviously higher than that of tropical ones with 3.63%. The above results indicated that haploid induction rate was significant affected by its genetic background of maternal inbred lines.