北太平洋公海柔鱼渔场浮游植物的生态特征及与环境的关系

Ecological Characteristics and the Relation with Marine Environment of Phytoplankton at Neon Flying Squid Fisheries in the North Pacific High Seas

利用2010年6~9月北太平洋公海柔鱼(Ommastrephes bartramii)渔场生态环境的调查资料,结合丰度、优势度估算方法以及SUFER应用软件等,对浮游植物的种类组成和数量分布、其与海洋环境因子关系及与中心渔场变动关系等作了探讨分析。结果显示,北太平洋柔鱼渔场的浮游植物经初步鉴定有3门28属80种,种类繁多,组成较复杂,其中东部渔场共39种,暖水性种类为24种,亚寒带冷水性种有7种,热带广布性种有4种,温带偏暖性种有2种,其他生态未命种有2种;而西部的传统渔场共62种,西部渔场鉴定的暖水性种类为43种,亚寒带冷水性种有5种,热带广布性种有9种,温带偏暖性种有3种,其他生态未命种有2种。中东部渔场的浮游植物种类明显少于西部渔场,但亚寒带冷水性种比西部渔场多。采样海域跨度大,包括公海柔鱼的东、西部渔场,范围在150°E^170°W、38°N^45°N的北太平洋公海海域,发现浮游植物丰度在2.98×10~3~59.87×10~3 ind/m^3范围内,柔鱼的渔获量出现频率高,在14%以上。

This paper expounded and analyzed the composition and quantitative distribution of phytoplankton species,their relation with marine environmental factors and changes of center fisheries,using the ecological environment survey data of neon flying squid fishery from June to September in 2010,combined with abundance and dominance estimation method and SUFER application software.The results showed that the types of phytoplankton were complex in the North Pacific.According to preliminary identification about the phytoplankton species,there were 3 doors,28 genera and 80 species.In the east fishing ground,there were 39 species including 24 warm-water species,7 coolwater sub-frigid zone species,4 tropical far-flung species,2 temperate warm species,and 2 other ecological unnamed species.In the west fishing ground,there were 62 species including 43 warm-water species,5 cool-water sub-frigid zone species,9 tropical far-flung species,3 temperate warm species,and 2 other ecological unnamed species.The species in the east fishing ground were significantly less than that in the western fishery.But in the east there were more sub-frigid zone species than the west.This survey spanned more waters,including the east and the west fishing grounds of neon flying squid.The range was 150° E- 170° W、38°N -45°N of North Pacific high waters.We also discovered that production catches of neon flying squid had high frequency,which was over 14%,and the abundance of phvtoplankton was within the range of 2.98×10-3-59.87×10-3 ind/m-3.