营运驾驶人应激反应能力研究

Professional Drivers' Response Capability under Emergency Situation

为了提高营运驾驶人的应激反应能力,进一步提升道路行车安全性,依据信息处理的基本理论,分析了驾驶人应激反应的产生机理和特征表现。从心理素质、注意品质、决策能力和驾驶技能4方面分别分析了影响驾驶人应激反应能力的主客观因素。基于动力定型理论,从预见能力、心理素质、技能素质等角度,提出了用于提升驾驶人应激反应能力的对策措施。论文主要基于驾驶人特性,对其的应激反应能力进行了理论研究,得出了单位时间内所需处理的信息量超过动态认知资源的容量是引发应激反应的主要原因,且心理素质、注意品质、决策能力和驾驶技能对应激反应能力皆有影响。

In order to further improve professional drivers’ response capability under emergency situations as well as road traffic safety, this paper first analyzes the generating mechanism and characteristics of drivers’ responses under emer- gency situation according to the basic theory of information processing. Then, the influencing factors of drivers’ responses capability under emergency situations are analyzed in terms of psychological quality, perception ability, decision-making a- bility and driving skills. Finally, based on the ’motivation finalizes the design’ theory, methods of foreseeing ability, psychological quality, skill quality and others are put forward to improve drivers’ response capability under emergency sit- uation. This study indicates that the discrepancy between the information required for processing in per unit time and the capacity of dynamic cognitive resources is the main cause for the stress response. Psychological quality, perception abili- ty, decision-making ability and driving skills all have an influence on drivers’ response capability. The research achieve- ments could provide the relevant theoretical basis and training measures for the science education and the guidance of driv- ers’ safety. However, the improving measures still require further verifications through certain tests.