基于视错觉的公路隧道中部安全控速方法

Approaches for Vehicle Speed Control Based on Visual Illusion in Highway Tunnel

公路隧道中部低照度、环境单调的特点,容易导致驾驶人产生严重视错觉,从而低估车速,引发交通事故。高频视觉信息容易导致驾驶人高估车速,而中、低频视觉信息则会导致驾驶人低估车速,但不同频率视觉信息,不同照度水平对公路隧道中部行车环境中驾驶人的车速感知影响缺乏定量分析。文中利用3ds Max软件制作公路隧道中部行车仿真模型,利用E-prime软件进行基于极限法的车速感知心理物理实验,并用实车试验数据校核了模型精度,对高频视觉信息与高、中频组合视觉信息在不同照度水平(100%,50%,25%标准照度)条件下的速度感知、反应时进行了对比研究。实验结果显示:公路隧道中部的速度感知主要由高频视觉信息决定,在100%标准照度条件下高频视觉信息的车速高估约为20%,在加入中频视觉信息后,车速高估情况趋于合理,约为14%;照度变动对速度感知和反应时均有显著影响,显著度分别为0.008和0.013,照度条件越好,车速高估越低,反应时越短。

The low illumination and monotonous visual environment in highway tunnel can easily lead to visual illu- sion and underestimated speed, even traffic accidents. The high frequency of visual information is found to lead to an o- verestimated speed from the drivers, while the middle frequency and low frequency of visual information cause the driver to underestimate the speed. However, the relationship between the speed perception, the different frequencies of visual information, as well as the different illuminance levels in highway tunnel has not been quantified. Using 3ds Max software to construct the simulation model of highway tunnel, this paper carries out a set of the psychophysical experiments of speed perception, and benchmarks the precision of the model based on the data of field test. Then, a comparative study of the speed perception and the reaction time, which are influenced by the multiple frequencies of visual information, as well as the different illumination levels （100%, 50%, 25% standard illumination） is developed. The results show that the speed perception of the drivers in the highway tunnel is mainly impacted by the high frequency of visual information, and the rate of overestimated speed under a high frequency of visual information is about 20~ in the 100% standard illumina- tion condition; after the middle frequency of visual information is added, this rate tends to be more reasonable, which is a- bout 14%; the illumination level has a significantly impact on speed perception and reaction time, and the predominance accounts for 0. 008 and 0. 013 respectively. The better illumination level can contribute to more moderate overestimated speed and shorter reaction time.