北京地区驾驶人职业类型对交通事故的影响分析

Effects of Driver's Occupation on Traffic Accidents in Beijing

国内当前对职业人群与交通事故关系的研究甚少,研究方法简单,文中在借鉴国外研究方法的基础上,利用描述统计、非参数检验的方法对北京市2008～2012年间的机动车事故资料进行统计与分析,以填补国内当前针对驾驶人职业特性对交通事故影响研究的空缺.非参数检验结果显示,北京地区驾驶人的职业类型对其事故数、死亡事故数、事故比例、死亡事故比例、事故责任类型均存在显著性的影响（ρ＜0.05）.结果表明,农民、外来务工人员等5种职业类型驾驶人为事故高发人群.农民、自主经营者驾驶人主要发生全部责任事故,外来务工人员发生主要责任事故较多.同时,文中从教育水平角度解释了不同职业类型间交通事故发生的差异,并提出低等级教育水平驾驶人具有事故多发性、事故诱发性,应成为交通安全管理的重点对象.结合北京地区交通事故特点,简单探讨了相应的事故预防对策.

Currently, domestic researches on relationship between occupations and traffic accidents are few and the study methods are simple. Taking lessons from foreign research methods, this paper uses the statistical methods of de scriptive statistics and nonparametric test to analyze the motor vehicle accident data of Beijing in 2008～2012. Statistical results show that driver＇s type of occupation has a significant effect on the number of accidents, death accidents, accident rate, the rate of death accidents and the type of driver＇s accident （p〈0.05）. Results indicate that （1） farmers, migrant workers and the other three types of drivers are accident high-risk groups; （2） farmers and independent operators have more full responsibility accidents; and （3） migrant workers have more primary responsibility accidents. Meanwhile, this paper studies the relationship between accidents and education levels. It is found out that drivers with low education level have the characteristic of multiple accidents and induced accidents, and they should become the focus of the traffic safety management objects. Finally, combining with the characteristics of traffic accidents in Beijing, this paper discusses the corresponding accident prevention countermeasures.