全面深化改革怎样从顶层到基层——兼论超大规模国家的中央与地方关系

On the Top-down Approach in Deepening Reform Comprehensively——The Relationship between Central and Local Governments in Very Large Countries

党的十八大和十八届三中全会做出了一系列"顶层设计",为中国下一步改革做了总体部署。但像中国这样的超大规模的国家,"顶层设计"不可能解决具体的问题,中央很难出台全国统一的政策。中央做出部署以后,需要地方根据中央的精神和原则及导向,地方政府制定具体政策,大胆试验、大胆突破,不断推进理论和实践创新,落实中央的"顶层设计"。可以说,改革攻坚期中国政治经济机制的特点是中央的"顶层设计"和鼓励地方创新两手并行。

A series of ＂top-level design＂ made in the Party＇s Eighteenth Congress and the Third Plenary Session of the Eighteenth Party Central Committee serve as the overall arrangement for the reform in the next stage in China. But in very large countries like China, ＂top-level design＂ cannot solve specific problems, and it is difficult for the central government to issue policies that can be applied to all localities. After file central government make arrangement, the local governments need to formulate specific policies, experiment boldly to make breakthroughs, advance theoretical and practical innovations, and implement the central government＇s ＂top-level design＂ in accordance with the spirit, principles and guidance of the central government. It can be said that during the current reform which is targeted at attacking the most difficult problems, the Chinese political and economic mechanisms should feature adherence to the ＂top-level design＂ on one hand and encouragement to primary-level innovation on the other.