基于粉碎区控制的钻孔爆破岩石-炸药匹配方法

A new method of rock-explosive matching in drilling and blasting based on reasonable control of the crushed zone

合理的炸药-岩石匹配关系对于提高炸药能量的有效利用率和改善破碎效果有着重要意义。传统上强调的波阻抗匹配理论并不合理,文章从爆破破碎机理出发,提出了一种岩石-炸药匹配的新方法,在保证相邻炮孔间岩石充分破碎的前提下,通过对粉碎区的合理控制来确定钻孔爆破最优的炸药性能参数。该方法可以直观地反映爆破破碎效果及能量有效利用率,可操作性强。考虑相邻炮孔爆炸荷载的联合作用,修正了钻孔爆破破坏分区计算模型。在此基础上,针对具体工程目标给出了混装炸药耦合装药条件下不同等级岩石的炸药性能匹配参数。

Reasonable rock-explosive matching is of great important to the enhancing of ex-plosive energy effective utilization and the improving of rock fragmentation effect. The tradi-tionally emphasized method of acoustic impedance matching is not reasonable. Starting from the blasting breakage mechanism,a new method of rock-explosive matching in drilling and blasting is proposed. The new approach chooses explosive parameters by reasonable control of the size of crushed zone under the condition of fully fragmentation between adjacent balstholes. This method can intuitively reflect the blasting fragmentation effect and energy effective utiliza-tion,which is easy to implement. Also,a modified model is developed,with the combination of adjacent blastholes explosion load taken into account. As a result,explosive parameters for different grades of rock are given in full coupling on-site mixed explosive charge under different project objectives.