高速列车隧道会车时气动载荷的研究

Study on Aerodynamic Loads of High-Speed Train Crossing Through a Tunnel

由于高速列车气动载荷是隧道会车时列车行车安全的重要因素之一,而其在实车试验中又难以测量,提出采用基于计算流体力学的数值模拟方法。通过空气动力学仿真获取列车的表面压力分布,对列车压力和粘性力积分合成,得到列车的气动载荷,即阻力、侧向力、升力、侧滚力矩、点头力矩和摇头力矩。全面分析了气动载荷的构成和变化特点,及其在不同速度下的变化特性。结果表明,列车隧道会车时,气动载荷主要是由压力构成;列车在隧道会车时气动载荷出现剧烈波动;气动载荷的幅值与速度呈二次函数的变化规律。研究结果可为列车系统动力学分析提供气动载荷依据。

Since the aerodynamic loads of high-speed train is one of the important factors in the train running safety when tunnel crosses through a tunnel; however it＇s difficult to measure in real vehicle test, numerical calculation method based on computational fluid dynamics is used. Surface pressure distribution of the train is obtained by aerodynamic simulation. Aerodynamic loads including drag force, side force, lift force, roll moment, nodding torque and shaking moment are gotten by integrating and compositing pressure and viscous forces of train It analyzes constitution and changes characteristic of aerodynamic loads, and also the changing characteristics under different speeds. The results show that when the trains pass each other tunnel, aerodynamic loads is mainly made up of pressure. Aerodynamic loads fluctuate, in the process of train crossing through the tunnel. Amplitude of loads along the speed is quadratic. The results can provide Ioadings for high-speed train dynamics analysis.