磨削力自适应控制系统的设计

The Design of Self-Adaptive Control System for Grinding Force

可转位刀片的传统磨削加工大多采用恒进给量控制法,若工件的余量不均、材质不均、磨削速度较高、砂轮的切削性能较差时,在进给速度较大时,将对工件的加工表面质量产生不良影响,如表面粗糙度增大,工件表面烧伤和产生微裂纹,砂轮磨损加剧,砂轮轴变形,甚至砂轮崩裂。若降低进给速度势必会影响加工效率。自适应加工技术是解决上述问题的重要途径,论文讨论了应用该技术对影响加工效率和精度的切削力、转矩、功率、刀具磨损、尺寸精度、和表面粗糙度等物理量进行检测、建模、提取特征,对进给速度、主轴转速等工艺参数进行实时控制,使机床的工艺系统在高效加工中处于最佳状态。

Mostly, the traditional method of grinding indexable insert is to keep constant feed rate. If the allowance of workpiece was uneven, the material was nonuniform, the speed of grinding was high and cutting performance of grinding wheel was poor, a large feed rate would exert a bad effect on the quality of manufacturing. For example, surface roughness would increase, surface would burn and emerge tiny fissures, grind wheel wear would exacerbate, shaft would distort, even crack. However, if you reduce the feed rate, efficiency will certainly be low. Self-adaptive manufacturing technology is an important way to solve those problems above. The technology detects, builds up models and extracts characteristics of physical quantities, such as force, torque, power, tool wear, dimensional accuracy and surface roughness which affect processing efficiency and precision. Then, it keeps feed rate, spindle speed and other parameters in real-time control to ensure the best condition.