国际组织管辖豁免:从绝对豁免走向限制豁免

International Organization Jurisdictional Immunity:From Absolute Immunity to Restrictive Immunity

作为国际法的主体,国际组织享有豁免权得到了普遍的承认。但是,随着国际法的发展,国际组织豁免权也遭遇了严重挑战。尽管如此,国际法的实践表明,国际组织管辖豁免尚未如国家管辖豁免一样从绝对豁免发展为限制豁免。当事人"诉诸法院之权利"作为国际组织豁免的制衡器,还没有发展成为习惯国际法,国际强行法也并不必然具有否定国际组织管辖豁免的效力。从人权保护角度讲,如果要维护国际组织豁免权以保障其独立行使职能,就要积极寻求完善相应的替代争议解决机制,保障当事人寻求正义权利的实现。

As one of the subjects of International Law,International Organization enjoys immunity. With the development of international law,the immunity of international organization was challenged by scholars and national courts. At present,the immunity of international organizations still enjoy absolute immunity. When confer to human rights protection,in some areas,the claimants access to court right is the counterbalance of international organization immunity,which requires international organization provide alternative dispute mechanism. This approach has not been recognized as custom international law,even Jus Cogens cannot deny the international organization immunity.