族群记忆与文化认同:花腰彝“女子舞龙”文化生态变迁的人类学考察——基于滇南石屏县慕善村的田野调查

Community Memory and Cultural Identity:An Anthropological Investigation into Cultural Ecological Changes of Huayao Yi“Women's Performance of Dragon Dance”—An Field Investigation Report Based on Mushan Village of Shiping County of Southern Yunnan Provinc

应用体育人类学方法论,借助田野调查、历史过程比较、文献资料等方法,以"族群记忆——文化认同——民族文化品牌"为历史文化脉络,以文化生态变迁为研究视角,以慕善村花腰彝"女子舞龙"活动为调查研究个案,采用质的研究范式,分析了慕善村花腰彝"女子舞龙"活动的文化生态环境与结构、文化生态变迁历程等,并进一步探讨其凸显的价值意义。研究结果表明,慕善村花腰彝"女子舞龙"活动与"祭龙仪式"的宗教礼仪息息相关,相互依存;慕善村花腰彝"女子舞龙"的文化生态变迁历程,实质上是花腰彝人民从起初的"族群记忆"到"文化认同",再到"民族文化品牌"过程中的必然选择;经历了"萌芽时期(母系氏族社会时期)、中断期(文革冲击)、恢复期(1977年-1994年)、发展期(1994年-2008年)、繁荣期(2008以后)"等变迁历程;具有尚"舞"精神的传递和文化认同的载体、民族生计与经济利益的诉求、全民健身的有效途径、构建和谐社会的"安全阀"、学校体育与民族传统体育的互动与补充等凸显的价值意义。

This paper analyzed the cultural and ecological environment as well as the ecological changes of the structure and culture of the ＂Women＇s Performance of Dragon Dance＂ in Mushan Village of the Huayao Yi. Values of this activity were analyzed from the following aspects： the use of sports anthropological method, the field research, the historical comparison and literature study, the historical and cultural context of ＂ethnic memory-cultural identity-cultural branding＂ etc. The research showed that Mushan Village＇s ＂Women＇s Performance of Dragon Dance＂ originated from the ritual of sacrificing to the dragon. It started from the matriarchal society and stopped during the Chinese Cultural Revolution. It reflected through its Key words： From 1977 to 1994 it was restarted and developed. From 1995 to 2008, it was promoted and well developed. the spirit of the local people through their daily life, serving as a safety valve for building a harmonious society functions as cultural carrier and a means for fitness for all.