格物诚意不是两事——关于朱熹工夫论思想的若干问题

“Gewu”and “Chengyi”Are the Same Thing——Some Issues on Zhu Xi's Thoughts of Gongfu Theory

对朱熹工夫论思想可以从四个方面进行探讨:1.简要梳理朱熹格物论形成过程中的问题意识,指出朱熹在建构其工夫理论时,对"二程"的工夫论述有取有舍,凸显出朱熹工夫论思想的独特立场;2.考察朱熹"格物致知是《大学》第一义"这一重要论述,分析其在何种理论企图之下,再三强调格物在《大学》工夫程序中的首要地位;3.分析伊川"察之于身"的格物论及其与朱熹"反身穷理"之命题的理论关联,在此,朱熹已意识到居敬与穷理应当是一种"互相发"的关系;4.朱熹所言"格物致知与诚意正心不是两事"之说乃是其工夫论思想的终极之论,此论意味着格物与诚意既可两立又不可分离,但这种不可分离又不具有浑然合一性。朱熹若能坚持格物致知至诚意正心乃同属"明明德之事"的立场,则格物诚意不是两事的观点始能真正落实,由此可以建构起一套义理自足的儒学工夫论的理论形态。

This paper aims to discuss Zhu Xi＇s thoughts of Gongfu Theory in four aspects：1.By studying the problem awareness in the development of Zhu Xi＇s Gewu Theory, the paper points out that in the course of his Gongfu Theory construction, Zhu Xi developed Cheng Hao and Cheng Yi＇s Gongfu Theory, which highlights his unique attitudes towards Gongfu Theory;2.On the basis of Zhu Xi＇s discussion upon the topic“to study the objects and gain the knowledge is the primary meaning in The Great Learning”, the paper stresses on, for which theory＇s sake, the primary position of“Gewu” in the cultivating procedure in The Great Learning;3.By analyzing the theoretical relation between “Gewu Theory” of Yi Chuan, focusing on “reviewing the body” and Zhu Xi＇s proposition of“reflecting the body and finding the truth”.As a matter of fact, Zhu Xi has already been a-ware of the complementary relationship between“cautious and respectable behavior” and“study to explore the truth”;4.The ul-timate meaning of Zhu Xi＇s argument “‘to study the objects and gain the knowledge’and‘to accumulate the sincerity and up-right the mind’are the same thing”, which implies that“Gewu” and“Chengyi” are on one hand independent while on the other inseparable.However, their integration is not perfect.If Zhu Xi defines his position that “to study the objects and gain the knowledge” and“to accumulate the sincerity and upright the mind” fall into the same category of virtue enlightenment, then the thoughts of“‘Gewu’and‘Chengyi’are the same thing” can be achieved in the practice.In this way, a Confucian Gongfu The-ory with sufficient augmentation is to be established.