科学与人文的分裂、冲突与融合——“科学实践哲学”视角的思考

The Division,Conflict and Harmonization between Science and Humanities——From the Philosophy of Science in Practice

从方法论的角度来看,20世纪50年代的"科学与人文的分裂"源于科学哲学中占主导地位的"辩护的语境"与"发现的语境"的二分;20世纪90年代的"科学与人文的冲突"源于文化或社会建构论。关键问题在于,科学哲学和科学的文化建构论都将科学视为一种"理论"而不是"实践"。如果我们从"理论优位"转向"实践优位",就会发现科学实践的多维度性,导致对科学进行哲学、经济学、社会学、文学等跨学科的研究,才能给科学以完整的解释,从而表明在科学实践中,科学与人文社会学科是相互融合的。在全球化政治经济格局中,这种融合同样会彰显科学的政治、经济乃至伦理的深刻内蕴。

From methodology of science,the division between science and humanities in the 1950 s results from the demarcation between'the context of justification'and'the context of discovery'in traditional philosophy of science. The conflict between both in the 1990 s comes from social constructivism in the 1970 s. However,the key problem is that both see science as theory,not practice. If we turn from theory to practice,we could discover the multi-dimensions of science in practice,which enable us to consider science from the interdisciplinary research,such as philosophy,economics,sociology,literature ect,in other word,science and humanities are harmonious in practice. Only in this way,we can give science a complete interpretation.Meanwhile,the harmonization would manifest the deep significance of politics,economic and ethics of science.