无意求工,滔滔自运:论归有光的诗歌

On Gui Youguang's Poems

归有光的诗歌成就,被文名掩盖,以致有人认为他不能作诗。清初钱谦益、朱彝尊都对归诗有较高的评价。他的诗多方面地反映了倭寇入侵,关注各种社会问题,尤其忧心于世道人心之大坏,以实录之笔关怀现实,体现出与文学散文的不同旨趣。人物形象上,他更善写帝王、历史上的非凡贤臣,以及出世高人、当代英雄。他的诗往往将历史、现实、想像交融一处,具有历史的深度,诗意想像的厚度及现实批判的高度。形式上,他的诗自由不受限制,多使用仄声韵,或是平声韵转仄声韵,两句一转韵、三句一转韵,灵活多变;语言上熔经铸史、出《庄》入骚,恣肆汪洋。从渊源论,他的诗祖唐祧宋,不主一家;善发议论,用散文句式、结构,倾向于宋诗一路。在无所拘束的同时,归诗又采用冷僻字,大量使用叠字、颜色字及艳丽字,显示出锻炼的一面。

Gui Youguang＇s poetic achievement was overwhelmed by his reputation in articles so that he was thought to be incapable of writing poems.In the early Qing period,Qian Qianyi and Zhu Yizun spoke highly of his poems,which reflected foreign invasions in many aspects,cared about all social problems,especially focused on evils in the society by documentary writing to indicate the specific interest different from literary prose.As for characters,he was good at describing emperors,remarkable ministers and heroes.His poems tended to integrate history,reality and imagination into one,characterized by depth in history,thickness in imagination and height in realistic criticism.In terms of form,his poems were free of restraints.They are often Ze tonal rhyme or Ping tonal rhyme to Ze tonal rhyme.The rhyme changed flexibly in every two or three verses.His language is profound,magnificent and free.His poems inherited Tang and Song poetry.When in argumentation,his poems used the form and structure of prose,with the inclination of Song poems.When in free expression,his poems applied lots of rarely-used characters,reduplication,color words,and gorgeous words,which displayed his skillfulness.