夏季填闲对连作黄瓜根区土壤酶活性及土壤化学性状的影响

Effect of summer catch mode on root zone soil enzyme activities and soil chemical properties of continuously monocropped cucumber

采用盆栽试验,以小麦、黑麦、苏丹草,鼠尾草、罗勒和油菜等六种植物为填闲作物,以夏季休闲为对照,研究不同夏季填闲作物对黄瓜根区土壤酶活性和化学性状的影响。结果表明,不同夏季填闲作物影响连作黄瓜根区土壤EC值、有机质含量、速效氮、磷、钾含量、土壤酶活性。其中填闲小麦处理对土壤EC值有显著降低作用;苏丹草、油菜和黑麦处理对土壤碱解氮含量具有显著降低作用;各填闲处理均能提升土壤速效磷含量,其中黑麦处理的作用效果显著高于其他处理。苏丹草和油菜处理与其他处理相比能够显著降低土壤速效钾含量。苏丹草、黑麦和小麦处理的土壤脲酶、多酚氧化酶和过氧化氢酶活性显著高于对照;油菜处理的土壤多酚氧化酶活性显著高于其他处理;除油菜外,各个填闲处理脱氢酶活性均显著高于对照。在提高连作黄瓜土壤的酶活性方面,各处理作用效果依次为苏丹草、黑麦、小麦、罗勒、鼠尾草、油菜。在降低养分富集、改善土壤化学性状方面,依次为油菜、苏丹草、黑麦、小麦、罗勒、鼠尾草。

Effects of different summer catching crops, wheat, rye, Sudan grass, sage, basil and rape, on root zone soil enzyme activities and soil chemical properties of continuously monocropped cucumber were investigated in pot experiment. Rresults showed that different summer catch crops affected cucumber root zone soil EC value, organic matter content, available N, P, K contents and enzyme activities. The treatment of wheat reduced soil EC value. Sudan grass, rape and rye treatment significantly decreased soil available N content. All catch crops effectively improved soil available P content with the rye treatment had a significant effect. Compared with other treatments, Sudan grass and rapeseed significantly reduced soil available K content. Soil urease, polyphenol oxidase and catalase activities were significantly higher in Sudan grass, rye and wheat treatments than in the control. Rapeseed treatment also had higher polyphenol oxidase activity. Except for rapeseed, all the catch crops significantly increased soil dehydrogenase activity. Overall, the order of the effectiveness of the catch crops used in this experiment in improving soil enzyme is Sudan grass, rye, wheat, basil, sage, rape; the order of the effectiveness in reducing nutrient enrichment and improving soil chemical properties is rape, Sudan grass, basil, sage, rye, wheat.