中国量化法治实践中的指数设计——以法治政府指数与司法公正指数的比较为中心

The Index Design of Quantization of the Rule of Law and Its Practice in China:Focusing on the Comparative Research between the Index of Government under the Rule of Law and the Judicial Fairness Index

量化法治有助干政府和法院对照既有的法治标准寻找差距,从而找到法治社会建设的着力点。法治政府指数和司法公正指数是量化法治的两项重要指数。中国在这两种指数体系的设计思维上体现出同构性的特点。但法治政府指数和司法公正指数所秉持的设计思维,并不具有逻辑结构的同构性,而应该是在法治精神的指引下,根据政府和法院工作的特殊性,采取不同的设计思维。具体而言,中国的法治政府指数设计,需要强化中央与地方的权限划分、尊重公民权利、政府的行政效能以及国际规则的遵守等四方面内容;中国的司法公正指数设计,需要强化法院独立办案,改判率、发回重审率和服判息诉率,特定人群诉权保障等方面内容。

Quantization of Rule of Law will be helpful for the government and court to look for gaps on account of existing standards of the rule of law and thus to find out the acting point of the construction of society ruled by law.The Index of Government under the Rule of Law,as well as the Index of Judicial Fairness,is an important type of evaluating index in the Quantization of the Rule of Law.China's practice,based on the regime of two kinds of above-mentioned indexes,reflects the feature of isostructuralism.This feature however could not be logically interpreted from the design ideas of these two kinds of indexes.Instead,different design ideas,allowing for the respectively special characteristics of the government and court,should be adopted with the guidance of the rule of law.In this regard,as for the design of the Index of Government under the Rule of Law in China,its improvement refers to the consideration such as the reinforcement of the central and local decentralization,the respect of the rights of citizens,the increase of the administrative efficiency of government and the compliance with the international rules;as for the design of the Index of Judicial Fairness,its enhancement calls for the concern for instance the consolidation of the independency of the court,the rate of reverse,retrial and acceptance and the protection of the right to action of special groups.