《呼啸山庄》的生态女性主义解读

Ecofeminism Interpretation of Wuthering Heights

《呼啸山庄》是一部意蕴丰富的小说。首先,作品中的大自然充满活力,与人的情感精神息息相通,是人们的精神庇护所和心灵栖息地,更是有生命的独立主体。作品中的女主人公既不是"天使",也不是"魔女",而是活生生的人,是有思想、有女权意识的新女性。其次,《呼啸山庄》批判了性别歧视,揭露了男性对女性的压迫和剥削,对女性给予了深切关怀;批判了物种歧视,表达了关注自然、鸟类、动物等的观点,揭示了女性与自然的紧密联系;还描写了女性、自然等受压迫的弱势群体的抗争。最后,《呼啸山庄》对男性与女性、文明与自然的关系进行了重构,认为男性与女性、文明与自然应该平等相处,和谐交融,共生共荣。《呼啸山庄》丰富的生态女性主义思想,在建设和谐社会和生态文明的今天具有重要而深刻的启发意义。

Wuthering Heights is a novel rich in connotation. First, nature in this novel is omnipresent, filled with vitality. Closely connected with human＇s emotion and spirit, it is an independent subjectivity as well as people＇s spiritual sanctuary and heart habitat. The woman protagonist in the novel is neither“angel” nor “demon,” but a new woman with independent thinking and feminist consciousness; secondly, the novel not only criticizes gender discrimination, exposes men＇ s oppression and exploitation of women and shows concern for women, but also criticizes species discrimination, expresses care for nature, birds and animals, and reveals the close relationship between woman and nature, and also criticizes racial discrimination, and describes the struggle of the weak group such as women, nature and colored people; finally, the novel reconstructs the relationship between man and woman, civilization and nature, and believes that man and woman, and civilization and nature should maintain an equal and harmonious co-existence and mutual prosperity. The rich ecofeminist thinking embodied in Wuthering Heights provides us with significant and profound enlightenment in today＇ s context of construction of a harmonious society and ecological civilization.