论无罪推定

On Presumption of Innocence

推定是认定事实的特殊方法,它有三大要素构成。法国《人权宣言》第9条规定:"任何人在其未被宣告为犯罪以前应被推定为无罪"。这一推定并不具有推定的构成要件,且既不能发生法律效力,也不能执行,故为虚假推定。中国社科院林欣研究员认为:这个原则"应该译为‘无罪假定’"。法国《人权宣言》第9条的规定如果是无罪假定是可以成立的,也具有一定的价值。需要澄清几个问题:一是现代法治国家并没有普遍确立无罪推定原则;二是无罪推定并不能构成扼制刑讯逼供和保障人权的理由和根据;三是真正的无罪推定是指,不能证实有罪,应推定为无罪。

Presumption is a special way of Finding of Fact, it made up by three factors. Article 9 of Declaration des Droits de 1Homme et du Citoyen stiputales：＂ Everyone should be presumed to be innocent before he was cinvited. ＂ The presumption is a false presumption because it cant be legally effective,and it cant be executed either. LIN xin thinks that the principle should be translated into ＂ the assumption of innocence＂. If Article 9 of Declaration des Droits de lHomme et du Citoyen＇s stipulate is the assumption of innocence, it can be tenable. We should clarify several problems, the first, the presumption of innocence has not established in modern nations governed by law. The second, the presumption of innocence can not constitute the reason of containing the action of extorting a confession by torture andprotecting human rights. The third, if a man can＇t be proved guihy, he should be presumed to be innocent. This is the true presumption of innocence.