人格独立的法律内涵及其损害赔偿——以“冒名上学”案与基因风险情势为视角

Legal Connotation and Damages of Independence of Personality——From the perspectives of the cases of“Identity Theft for Receiving Education”and genetic risk

"冒名上学"案中的侵害客体正是人格独立。在基因时代,人格独立还面临着在基因层面被侵害的潜在风险。法律主体的人格独立是其享有一切权利和利益的基本前提。所谓人格独立,即特定人格的固有、唯一和非依附性的存在,它是主体性的一种彰显。人格独立是一般人格利益的首要内容,在法律上最终寓含着深刻的尊严价值,并呈现出综合性、符号性等的外观。人格独立的损害赔偿要在个案中进行合理的利益权衡,根据具体事实确定可予救济的损害及其范围。个案中的利益权衡,有助于实现侵权责任法对人格独立利益的保护和救济,最终目的是维护人的尊严。

The object infringed in the cases of identity theft for receiving education is the independence of personality. In the genetic era, the independence of personality also faces potential infringement risks on the genetic level. In the cases of identity theft for receiving education which represented by Qi Yuling case, the independence of personality is damaged. The legal connotation of independence of personality consists of the inherence, uniqueness and independent of the presence of subject＇s spersonality. For the damages of independence of personality, the remedies＇ scope of damage can be determined according to the specific facts from the reasonable interest measurement in the individual case.