美国H.R.4105法案及其对中国输美产品的影响

H.R.4105 Act and its Influence on Chinese Products Exported to USA

H.R.4105法案旨在为美国对非市场经济国家产品进行反补贴调查提供法律依据,也是作为其履行WTO争端解决机构对DS379案裁决义务的回应。但该法案存在以下重大问题:其一,对非市场经济国家适用的溯及力条款有违宪嫌疑,且与WTO规则不符;其二,防止重复救济举证责任规则不符合WTO《补贴与反补贴措施协议》的规定;其三,法案两部分不同溯及力规定导致的差别待遇不仅有违法律平等保护原则,也违背了美国在WTO下的义务。该法案对生效前和生效后输美产品都将产生重大不利影响,中国应针对法案本身的"硬伤"采取积极的应对措施,力争把法案对中国输美产品的负面影响降至最低。

H. R. 4105 Act aims to offer legal support for the application of America＇s countervailing measures to non-market economy countries, and also as a response to its obligaton to carry out WTO verdict on DS379. But the Act has the following serious problems： the first is that the retroactive clause concerning the application of its countervailing act to non-market economy countries is suspected to be unconstitutional, and the same time, is inconsistent with WTO rules. The second,the rule for the burden of proof for the avoidance of double remedy is inconsistent with the SCM agreement. The third is that the different treatment caused by the retroactive clause is not only against the principle of equal protection, but also a violation of America＇s obligation under WTO. If China can raise adequate challenges based on these defects, China will be able to minimize the adverse effect caused by the Act.