试论“颤”“战”相关异形词规范

On the Standard of Variant Forms of Chan and Zhan

大概清末民初,"颤"字语音分化为不别义的zhàn和chàn两种读音。台湾一直以zhàn为主音;而大陆1949年前以zhàn为主音,以chàn为又音,1949年后以chàn为主音,以zhàn为又音。由于"颤""战"语音不能一一对应,这影响了规范"颤""战"相关异形词和落实,所引起的规范原则(通用性或系统性)和规范方式(刚性或柔性)之争迄今相持不下。"颤""战"相关异形词混用的情形依然存在,这不利于汉语的规范化和标准化,需要对"颤"音重新进行审定,以理据性原则来规范"颤""战"相关异形词。

Probably at the end of the Qing dynasty, the pronunciation of ChUm differentiated into Zhan and Chan. In Taiwan Zhan was used as the tonic, while before the finding of PRC, the mainland used Zhan as the tonic and ChUrn as another sound, but after the finding of PRC, ChUrn has been taken as the tonic and Zhan is another sound. Because the pronunciation of Chan does not correspond with the pronunciation of Zhan, it has affected the standard and practice of variant forms of ChUm and Zhan, the argument between the standard principle hereby caused （generality or system） and standard way （rigidity or flexibility） has long been existing. The mixed usage of the two sound still exists, which is not conducive to the standardization of Chinese language, it＇s necessary that the pronunciation of ChUm be reexamined, and the variant forms of ChUm and Zhan be regulated according to the theoretical principles.