纺织染整废水集中处理工艺技术现场验证分析

Analysis of On-site Verification on Centralized Treatment Technologies of Textile Dyeing and Finishing Wastewater

按流域与地区代表性、行业代表性、废水处理方式代表性以及废水处理工艺代表性，选择采用生化处理和物化处理相结合的染整废水集中处理工艺技术进行现场测试，验证处理系统的运行稳定性、污染物去除效率及技术经济性。验证结果表明：处理系统依靠水解酸化、兼氧、好氧生化单元的调整，进水pH值在10～12较高范围内波动，不进行中和处理，处理系统能够稳定运行，平均出水COD≤100mg／L、BOD5≤25mg／L、色度≤40倍、悬浮物≤70mg／L、氨氮≤15mg／L、硫化物≤1．0mg／L，满足《纺织染整工业水污染物排放标准》（GB4287—92）Ⅰ级排放标准的要求；剩余污泥产生量（含水率按80％计）约为14．8t／10^4m^3废水，较一般采用前物化预处理工艺减少40％；检测干污泥中有机质和氮磷含量占30％左右，重金属含量满足《农用污泥中污染物控制标准》（GB4284-84）的要求；废水处理成本较低，减轻了企业单独运行维护管理负担。验证结果为染整行业废水处理最佳可行技术筛选提供了技术依据。

According to the representativeness of basins and regions, industries, wastewater treatment processes and technologies, the centralized treatment technologies of dyeing and finishing wastewater, which combined biochemical treatment and physico-chemical treatment, were chosen, and field tests were performed to verify the operation stability, pollutants removal efficiencies, technical and economical efficiency of the treatment system. The results indicated that the system could be operated stably and reliably through the adjustment of hydrolysis acidification, aerobic and anaerobic biochemical units, although pH value of the influent fluctuated in the range of 10 to 12 without neutralization. The average effluent concentrations of COD, BOD5, color, SS, ammonia nitrogen and sulphide were equal to or less than 100 mg/L, 25 mg/L, 40 times, 70 mg/L, 15 mg/L and 1.0 mg/L, respectively, meeting the first grade criteria specified in the Discharge Standard of Water Pollutants for Dyeing and Finishing of Textile Industry （GB 4287 -92）. The average sludge yield was about 14.8 t per 10^4 m^3 wastewater, which was reduced by 40% compared with the process with physico-chemical pretreatment. The content of organic matter, nitrogen and phosphorus in dry sludge was about 30% , and the heavy metal content could meet the Control Standards for Pollutants in Sludge for Agricultural Use （ GB 4284 - 84 ）. This treatment technology with low cost could reduce the maintenance and management pressure. The verification results provide a technical basis for the selection of the best available technology for the treatment of dyeing and finishing wastewater.