西方苏联学对苏联问题的研究目的和研究方法评析

Comment on Purposes and Methods of the Western Soviet Science about the Soviet Issues

苏联问题曾引起西方研究者的极大兴趣。他们的研究目的有的是为了客观地描述苏联社会的现实,但多数却是为了抨击苏联的政治。他们的研究方法多种多样,包括纵向比较和横向比较相结合、历史研究和现实研究相结合、分领域研究和多学科研究相结合。对其研究目的和研究方法的梳理和评析,有助于读者更为全面地认识西方苏联学的相关理论,对我们今后的研究工作也提供了诸多启示。

The former Soviet issues have attracted great interest of Western researchers. Some of their researches aim to objectively de-scribe the reality of Soviet society, but most of them attack Soviet politics. They have various methods, including vertical and horizontal comparison, combination of historical research and practical study, and sub-fields of research and multidisciplinary research combined. Sorting and assessing their research purposes and methods will help readers to get a more comprehensive understanding of the theory of the western Soviet science. In addition, it will provide a lot of inspiration for future research work.