英国中世纪以来大学教师收入来源浅析

Analysis on the Sources of the University Teachers' Income in Enland since the Middle Ages

中世纪大学是名师和学者群聚的地方。大学教师是一个特殊的群体,在大学的兴建、发展以及社会发展进程中发挥了不容忽视的作用。普通教师的主要收入来源包括教职收入、市政薪金、各界捐赠、学生缴纳费用、学院自筹、兼职收入、特权收入等。如果有机会承担某些学校职务,则还可以获得额外的收益。尽管如此,大学教师因职务、社会地位、教授课程等不同,收入来源和生活待遇方面呈现明显的差异。为全体教师创造适宜的生活环境和精神自由,无疑是催生新思想的保障,也是留住人才的重要途径。

The medieval universities were the places in which masters and scholars gathered. University teachers created a special group, which played an important role in the construction and development of Universities and society. The main source of the ordinary teachers＇ income included prebend or benefice, municipal salaries, donations, fees, the rent and income of college, part-time income; and royalty income. If having the opportunity to take some special position, the teacher also could get additional revenue. Nevertheless, because of the different position and social status, there were obvious differences in the source of income and living treatment between teachers. Creating the living environment and the spiritual freedom suitable for all the teachers was the guarantee of the birth of a new ideology, and also was the important way to keep talent.