新型城镇化背景下的农村小额信贷需求分析——以湖北省钟祥市为例

Demand for Rural Microfinance under New Urbanization Background :A Case Study of Hubei Zhongxiang

文中旨在基于农户微观视角,结合钟祥市农户问卷调查数据,量化分析了城镇化进程中影响小额信贷需求的诸多因素,得到如下结论:从影响程度看,农户文化程度与所从事经济活动类型对小额信贷需求有较大影响,农户年龄、家庭土地流转面积对小额信贷需求有一定影响,信贷产品认知程度、金融机构信任度、金融服务满意度对小额信贷需求有少量影响。根据数据分析结果得出以下政策含义。第一、农村地区正规金融市场的发育程度很低,应通过加大宣传,降低交易门槛与成本在农村地区扩展正规金融市场;第二、金融对农户经营风险的转移力度弱,应研发适应农村城镇化需求的相关保险产品,多样化农户风险转移渠道。第三、互联网金融产品宣传有待加强,从而促进后期互联网金融在农村地区的推广;第四、考虑到农户年龄,文化程度,农户从事经济活动类型,家庭土地流传面积等影响农户借款意愿和实际借款需求的重要因素,农村金融机构应建立客户档案,实行差异化信贷策略。

Based on the microscopic perspective, this article aims to quantify factors that affect the process of urbanization in microfinance demand combined with survey data of Zhongxiang farmers, and the following conclusions are obtained. According to our analysis, the farmers＇ educational level and type of economic activity they engage in have a greater impact on demand for microcredit, while farmers age, family land area have a certain influence on the demand for microfinance. Awareness of credit products, financial institutions trust, financial service satisfaction have a small impact on the demand for microfinance. Thus, we obtain the following policy implication. First, the low level of financial markets development in rural areas should be improved through increasing publicity, reducing transaction cost threshold so as to extend the formal financial markets in rural areas; Second, finance plays a unimportant role in risk transferance in rurual areas, so it should be developed to adapt to the needs of rural urbanization-related insurance products, and diversify farmers risk transfer channels. Third, the Internet financial product promotion needs to be strengthened so as to promote post-Internet financial promotion in rural areas; Fourth, given the important factors of rural microfinance such as the farmers age, educational level, the type of economic activity farmers engage in, etc, rural financial institutions should build customer profiles to implement differentiated credit policies.