关于自然辩证法“三大规律”适用性的反思

Reflection on the Applicability of the Three Basic Laws of Dialectics of Nature

从本体论的观点看,辩证法"三大规律"表示的现象有一定的普遍性,但并不是普适于自然界、社会和思维的最普遍现象。从认识论的观点看,"三大规律"是"运动"、"变化"、"联系"等范畴的具体化,因而其能够解释的现象不及运动、变化和联系等范畴广泛。作为方法论,"质量互变"和"否定之否定"的实际意义没有传统理解的那样大,"对立统一"能提供一定的分析程序,比较适合分析具有对抗性质的社会问题。由于世界的多样性和复杂性,能够普适于自然界、社会和思维的规律只能是形式上的、不涉及具体内容的规律,这类规律的实质只能是对日常经验的抽象反思。将"三大规律"方法化固然可以避免对其进行正误评价,但缺乏经验支持,难以证明其在方法上的优越性,因而这是一种消极的做法。

From the perspective of ontology, although the phenomena revealed by the three laws of dialectics of nature are widespread, they aren＇t the most widely phenomena occurring in universe. From the perspective of epistemology, the three laws are the reification of concepts such as motion change and connection, therefore, the phenomena can be interpreted by the former is greatly less than by the latter. As methodology, law of mutual change of quality and quantity and law of the negation of negation have few realistic meaning. Though the law of the unity of opposites contains some routline procedures for analysing some question, its application is also limited. Although the practice which only view three basic laws as methods can avoid criticizing from the perspective of truth or false, in fact it is also a passive method, for lack of support from empirical world, dialectics can＇t prove it prior to other mode of thinking.