吴江地区孕期妇女发汞与食鱼频率关系的研究

Research on the Relationship between Hair Mercury and the Frequency of Fish-eating in Pregnant Women in Wujiang City

目的：测定孕期妇女发汞含量，分析孕期食鱼频率与发汞的相关性，从而对孕期适宜的鱼类摄入量提出建议。方法：对整个孕期生活在本地，无重大疾病史和职业汞接触史的入院孕妇，进行孕期食鱼史（食鱼种类和每周食鱼频率）调查；同时采集产妇头发进行汞含量测定。结果：303例发汞含量均值为（494.28±1.94）ng/g。303例中，孕期每周食鱼次数：1-2次（142例）、3-4次（145例）、5次及以上（16例），相应的发汞均值分别为（319.82±1.70）ng/g、（719.62±1.67）ng/g、（800.57±1.57）ng/g；发汞含量超出RfD例数与孕期食鱼频率均呈正相关（均P〈0.01）。结论：食鱼是一般人群汞暴露的主要来源，因甲基汞影响胎儿的神经系统发育，对于特殊敏感人群的孕期妇女，建议每周食鱼次数宜在2次以内，可通过膳食多样化多途径补充所需营养物质。

Objective：By determinating mercury content in hair and analysising relevance between hair mercury and the frequency of fish-eating during pregnancy,to make suggestions for suitable fish intake.Method：Conducting fish-eating history investigation（fish-eating species and weekly frequency） of the hospitalized pregnant women that lived locally during the entire pregnancy and had no major disease history and history of occupation of mercury,while determinating mercury content in hair by collecting the hair of pregnant women at the same time.Result：The average content of mercury in hair of the 303 cases was （494.28±1.94）ng/g.Amone the 303 cases,the numbers of weekly fish-eating during pregnancy were 1-2 times（142 cases）, 3-4 times（145 cases）,5 and above times（16 cases）.The corresponding average values of mercury in hair were （319.82±1.70）ng/g,（719.62±1.67）ng/g and （800.57±1.57）ng/g.Thus,the cases of mercury in hair that exceeded the RfD were positively correlation to the frequency of fish-eating during pregnancy（P〈0.01）.Conclusion：Fish-eating is the main source of mercury exposure in the general population.Because Methyl mercury affected the development of nervous system of fetus,for the special sensitive pregnant women,that are suggested to eat fiah less than 2 times per week and can add the necessary nutrients through diet by more diverse ways.