南京化学工业园区饮用水重要污染物健康风险评价

Health risk assessment of significant contaminants in drinking water in Nanjing Chemical Industrial Park

目的评价南京化学工业园区生活饮用水中重要污染物对人体健康产生的潜在危害。方法于2013年每个月均对南京化学工业园区5个水厂出厂水中的Cr6+、As、Cd、F-、NO-3、Pb、Hg、Se、Fe、Zn、CN-、Cu、NH3、Mn和挥发性酚15种重要污染物进行检测。应用美国国家环境保护局(US EPA)推荐的方案建立水环境污染健康风险评价模型对饮用水中污染物通过饮水途径所引起的健康风险进行评价。结果园区饮用水基因毒物质个人健康年风险按大小顺序依次为Cr6+>As>Cd,合计个人健康年风险介于3.56×10-5/a^4.44×10-5/a之间,其中Cr6+与As合计占该类年总风险的98%以上;园区饮用水躯体毒物质个人健康年风险按大小顺序依次为F->NO-3>Pb>Cu>Hg>Se>Fe>Zn>CN->NH3>挥发性酚>Mn,合计个人健康年风险介于2.22×10-9/a^2.64×10-9/a之间;园区饮用水合计各类毒物个人健康年总风险介于3.56×10-5/a^4.44×10-5/a之间。结论南京化学工业园区生活饮用水中重要污染物对人体健康产生的潜在危害的个人年总风险高于部分机构推荐的最大可接受风险水平(1.0×10-6/a),略低于国际辐射防护委员会(ICRP)推荐的最大可接受值为5.0×10-5/a,主要健康风险来自于Cr6+和As,应加以优先检测与控制。

[Objective]To evaluate the potential health hazards on human caused by significant contaminants in drinking water in Nanjing Chemical Industrial Park. [Methods]The concentrations of 15 significant contaminants of Cr^6＋、As、Cd、F-、NO-3、Pb、Hg、Se、Fe、Zn、CN-、Cu、NH3、Mn and volatile phenol in drinking water from 5 water plants in Nanjing Chemical Industrial Park were detected at every month in 2013. The water environmental pollution health risk assessment model was established based on the scheme recommended by US EPA to evaluate the health risk caused by contaminants in drinking water. [Results]The personal-year health risk caused by genetic toxic substances in drinking water ranked from high to low was Cr^6＋ As Cd,the total personal-year health risk was in the range of 3. 56 × 10^-5/ a- 4. 44 × 10^-5/ a. The risk caused by Cr^6＋and As accounted for more than 98%.The personal-year health risk caused by body toxic substances in drinking water ranked from high to low was F- NO-3 Pb Cu Hg Se Fe Zn CN- NH3 volatile phenol Mn, the total personal-year health risk was in the range of2. 22 × 10- 9/ a- 2. 64 × 10- 9/ a. The total personal-year health risk caused by all kinds of toxic substance in drinking water was in the range of 3. 56 × 10^-5/ a- 4. 44 × 10^-5/ a. [Conclusion]The total personal-year health risk caused by significant contaminants in drinking water in Nanjing Chemical Industrial Park is higher than the maximum acceptable value（ 1. 0 × 10^-6/ a） recommended by other agencies,and lower than the maximum acceptable value（ 5. 0 × 10^-5/ a） recommended by ICRP. The main health risks come from Cr^6＋and As,which should be detected and controlled first.