2007—2013年北京市西城区中小学学生水痘流行特征

Epidemic characteristics of varicella among primary and secondary school students in Xicheng District of Beijing from 2007-2013

目的对2007—2013年北京市西城区中小学学生水痘病例流行病学特征进行分析,探索水痘发病的流行规律,为北京市西城区乃至全市水痘疫情的防控工作提供科学依据。方法对2007—2013年中国疾病预防控制信息系统报告的北京市西城区所有中小学学生水痘病例进行描述流行病学分析。结果 2007年1月1日—2013年12月31日,北京市西城区共报告中学、小学学生水痘病例1 875例,年均水痘发病率波动在2.89‰-4.72‰之间,各年发病率差异存在统计学意义（P〈0.05）。发病时间主要集中在3—6和9—11月份,分别占42.08%（789/1 875）和32.40%（570/1 875）。男性1 043例,女性832例,男女性别比为1.25∶1。6-12岁者1 305例,发病率为5.94‰;13-18岁者570例,发病率为1.96‰;2个年龄组的发病率差异有统计学意义（χ^2=484.388,P〈0.01）。轻度出疹病例占82.61%（1 549/1 875）。结论 2007—2013年北京市西城区中小学生水痘季节性分布规律明显,呈＂双峰分布＂,控制水痘疫情的重点是低年龄组学生（6-12岁）。有必要及时评估水痘疫苗接种落实情况及免疫效果,以进一步改进接种策略。

[Objective]To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of varicella among primary and secondary school students in Xicheng District of Beijing,explore the epidemic law of varicella,and provide a scientific basis for prevention and control of varicella in Xicheng District and Beijing City. [Methods]The varicella cases of primary and secondary school students in Xicheng District,which were reported by China disease prevention and control information system from 2007-2013,were analyzed with the descriptive epidemiology. [Results]From January 1,2007 to December 31,2013,a total of 1 875 varicella cases of primary and secondary school students were reported in Xicheng District of Beijing,the average annual incidence rates were between 2. 89‰ and4. 72‰,and there was a significant difference in annual incidence rates（ P〈0.05）. The peak seasons were March to June and September to November,which the cases respectively accounted for 42. 08%（ 789 /1 875） and 32. 40%（ 570 /1 875）. There were1 043 male cases and 832 female cases,and the male-to-female ratio was 1. 25∶ 1. 1 305 patients were children aged 6-12 years old with the incidence rate of 5. 94‰,while 570 patients were people aged 13-18 years old with the incidence rate of 1. 96‰,and there was a significant difference in the incidence rate between two age groups（ χ^2= 484. 388,P〈0.01）. Cases with mild rash accounted for 82. 61%（ 1 549 /1 875）. [Conclusion]There is an obvious seasonal feature of varicella among primary and secondary school students in Xicheng District of Beijing from 2007-2013,presenting a bimodal distribution. The key population of prevention and control is students in young age group（ 6-12 years old）. It is necessary to evaluate the implementation of varicella vaccination and immune effect,to further improve the vaccination strategy.