云南个旧锡矿山山地土壤及作物中重金属污染分析

Heavy Metal Contamination Analysis of Montanic Soil and Crops of Tin Mine in Gejiu of Yunnan

对云南个旧某锡矿山山地土壤和主要农作物进行野外调查采样,分析了土壤有机质、碱解氮、速效磷和速效钾等基本养分状况及土壤-作物中重金属铅、镉、铬、铜和锌的含量,并对污染进行评价.结果表明,云南个旧锡矿山山地采样区土囊碱解氮含量平均为49.38 mg/kg,属于中等肥力,土壤有机质、速效磷和速效钾平均含量分别为34.56g/kg、17.25mg/kg和159.72mg/kg,含量丰富.采样区土壤Pb含量在142.88～580.88mg/kg;Cr含量在4.18～74.85 mg/kg;Cd合量在17.25 ～86.18mg/kg;Cu含量在25.44 ～256.24 mg/kg;Zn含量在19.95 ～1041.24 mg/kg.土壤Cd的污染最为严重,属于严重污染.从综合污染指数来看,采样区山地土壤重金属均为重度污染.采样区农作物中铅、镉、铬、铜和锌含量分别是国家食品安全标准9.7 ～89.7、1.15 ～9.1、0.2～5.4、0.08～2.66和0.13～1.27倍.研究区农作物中铅、镉和铬污染严重.

Thigh field investigation and sampling of Yunnan old tin mine mmtanic roil and crops,the contents of roil organic matter,available nitrogen,available phmphors and available potassium and other basic nutrients and heavy metals in soil and crops such as lead,cadmium,chromium,copper and zinc were analyzed and evaluated.Tbe reuuhs showed that the alkali-hydrolysable nitrogen conteet of Yunmn Gejiu stannary mountain sampling area soil was 49.38 mg/kg,belohing to the medium fertility.The average soil organic matter,svailable phosphorus and available potassium content were 34.56 g/kg,17.25 mg/kg and 159.72 mg/kg,rich in content.Pb content of sampling area soil was 142.88-580.88 mg/kg.Cr content was 4.1 8-74.85 mg/kg.Cd content was 17.25-86.18 mg/kg.Cu content was 25.44-256.24 mg/kg.Zinc cowtent was 19.95-1041.24 mg/kg.Cd pollution was the most serious,which belonged to the severe pollution.Accrding to the comprehensive pollution index,the heavy metals of sampling roil were serious pollution.The contents of lead,cadmium,chronium,copper,and zinc were more than the national food safety standard 9.7-89.7,1.15-9.1,9.1-5.4,0.08-2.66 and 2.66 -1.27 times,respectively.Lead,cadmium and chromium in crope belonged to the severe pollution.