贵州安顺地区耕地土壤养分调查分析

Investigation and Analysis of Cultivated Land Soil Nutrients in Guizhou Anshun Area

土壤养分是作物高产稳产的基础,掌握耕地土壤养分含量是实施测土配方施肥的前提条件.本文对贵州安顺地区蔬菜地、水田和林果地等耕地土壤pH值及土壤养分开展调查.结果表明,贵州安顺地区耕地土壤pH值均低于7,整体呈酸性;土壤比较养分较足,有机质、全氮、全磷和全钾含量总体上处于中上水平,但不同区县之间的差异较大.pH值平均为5.75,测量范围4.65～6.2;有机质平均值为31.13 g/kg,测量范围13.07 ～94.55 g/kg;全氮平均值为1.74 g/kg,测量范围0.73～3.97 g/kg;全磷平均值为0.998以g,测量范围0.44～1.91g/kg;全钾平均值为16.75 g/kg,测量范围2.5 ～42.5 g/kg.土壤pH值为关岭县＞平坝县＞普定县＞紫云县＞镇宁县≥西秀区,有机质含量为西秀区＞普定县＞关岭县＞紫云县＞平坝县＞镇宁县,全氮含量为西秀区＞关岭县＞紫云县＞普定县＞平坝县＞镇宁县,全磷含量为普定县＞关岭县＞镇宁县＞平坝县＞紫云县＞西秀区,全钾含量为普定县＞平坝县＞镇宁县＞关岭县＞西秀区＞紫云县.不同类型土壤养分差异较大,其中水田土壤主要养分含量最高,林果地土壤养分最低,蔬菜地土壤养分居于两者之间.同一用地类型土壤同一养分含量差异较大,其中有机含量差异最大,其它营养成分差距较小.因而,本次调查已基本掌握了安顺地区耕地土壤pH值及有机质、全氮、全磷和全钾含量及分布情况,可以为区域内的耕地开展测土配方施肥提供决策参考依据.

Soil nutrient is the basis for stable and high crop yield.Mastering soil＇ s nutrient content of cultivated land is the precondition for implementing soil test and formula fertilization.Investigations of soil＇s pH value and nutrient of vegetable land,paddy field and fruit land in Guizhou Anshun area were carded out in this paper.The results showed that soil＇ s pH value of cultivated land in Guizhou Anshun area was lower than 7,and the soil was overall acidic; soil nutrient was sufficient,the organic matter,total nitrogen,total phosphorus and total kalium content were in the middle and upper levd,but there were significant differenoes among different districts.The pH value was 5.75 on average and the range of measurement was 4.65-6.2; the value of organic matter on average was 31.13 g/kg and the range of massurement was 13.07-94.55g/kg; the value of total nitrogen was 1.74 g/kg on average and the range of measurement was0.73-3.97 g/kg; the total phosphorus value was 0.998 g/kg on average and the range of measurement was 0.44-1.91 g/kg; potassium value was 16.75 g/kg on average and the range of measurement was 2.5-42.5 g/kg.The soil＇s pH value for Guarling ＞ Pingba ＞ Puding ＞ Ziyun ＞ Zhenning ≥ Xixiu,the content oforgaric matter for Xixiu ＞ Puding ＞ Guanling ＞ Ziyun ＞ Pingba ＞ Zhenning,the content of total ritrogen for Xixiu ＞ Guanling ＞ Ziyun ＞ Puding ＞ Pingba ＞ Zhenning,the content oftotel phosphorus Puding ＞ Guanling ＞ Zhenning ＞ Pingba ＞ Ziyun ＞ Xixiu,the content of total kalium for Puding ＞ Pingba ＞ Zhenning ＞ Guanling ＞ Xixiu ＞ Ziyun.The difference of nutrients in different soil types was significant.The main nutrient content was highest in paddy soil,lowest in fruit land,and vegetable soil＇ s nutrient was in between.There was a significant difference with the same soil type and the same nutrient content.The difference was the lugest in organic content and was small in other nutrients.Therefoxe,this investigation has basically mastged the cultivated land soil＇ s pH value and organic matter,total nitrogen,total phosphons and total kalium content and distdbution in Anshun,which can provide the decision-making reference for soil tea and formula fertilization in regimal land.