紫苏籽与紫苏茎叶挥发油的提取及其成分分析

Extraction and GC-MS analysis of the volatile constituents from fruits and stems-leaves of Perilla frutescens (L.) Britt.

目的:提取并分析紫苏不同部位的挥发性成分,为紫苏的开发利用提供依据。方法:通过正交试验确定水蒸气蒸馏法提取紫苏挥发油的工艺,并用GC-MS分析其化学成分。结果:紫苏挥发油最佳提取工艺为浸泡温度70℃、浸泡时间60min、料液比1∶45、蒸馏时间1.5 h,紫苏籽和紫苏茎叶挥发油的实际提取率分别为0.152%和0.285%。从紫苏籽和紫苏茎叶挥发油中分别鉴定了74和73种成分,其中有31种相同成分。紫苏籽挥发油主要为侧柏酮(64.78%)和邻苯二甲酸二丁酯(16.26%),占总含量的81.04%。紫苏茎叶挥发油主要为2-己酰基呋喃、2-(3-丁烯基)-二环[2.2.1]庚烷、2,6-二甲基-6-(4-甲基-3-戊烯基)双环[3.1.1]庚-2-烯、3,7-二甲基-1,6-辛二烯-3-醇、1-甲基-5-亚甲基-8-[1-甲基乙基]-1,6-环癸二烯和石竹烯,占总含量的73.18%,其中以2-己酰基呋喃为最主要成分(28.70%)。结论:紫苏籽与紫苏茎叶挥发油的化学成分及其含量均有较大区别,在应用时需加以注意。

OBJECTIVE To extract and analyze the volatile constituents from different parts of Perilla frutescens,so that to provide valuable information for the development and utilization of it.METHODS Based on single factor and orthogonal tests,the hydrodistillation extraction technology of volatile oil fromPerilla frutescens was determined.Analysis of volatile constituents were performed by GC-MS.RESULTS The optimum extraction conditions of volatile oil fromPerilla frutescens were as follows：soaking temperature 70 ℃,soaking time 60 min,liquid to material ratio 1∶45,steam distilling time 1.5 h,then the actual extraction rate of the volatile oil from fruits and stems-leaves of Perilla frutescens was 0.152% and 0.285%,in which74 and 75 kinds of compounds were identified,respectively.Moreover,27 same constituents were found in the two kinds of volatile oil.In addition,the main constituents were thujone（64.78%）and dibutyl phthalate（16.26%）,made up 81.04% of the volatile oil from fruints of Perillafrutescens.However,in the volatile oil from stems-leaves of Perilla frutescens,the main constituents were 2-hexanoylfuran,2-（3-butenyl）bicyclo[2.2.1]heptane,2,6-dimethyl-bicyclo[3.1.1]hept-2-ene,3,7-dimethyl-1,6-octadien-3-ol,1-methyl-5-methylene-8-[1-methylethyl]-1,6-cyclodecadiene,and caryophyllene,which made up73.18%,and the 2-hexanoylfuran was a major component（28.70%）.CONCLUSION The volatile components and their contents from fruits of Perilla frutescens were obviously different from that of stems-leaves of Perilla frutescens,which should be taken into consideration in the application.